Problems
Septoria (Septoria
nodorum/tritici)
- Septoria, particularly S.
tritici,
is the most important and widespread disease of
wheat, reducing grain size and quality.
- Yield loss can be as high as 50%.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Wet
humid weather in May and June |
| 5mm
of rain in one day or 10mm in 3 days |
| Warm
temperatures between 15-22°C |
Mildew (Bulmaria
graminis)
- Seen as white fluffy growth on the
leaf and stem in all cereals, mildew is a widespread
disease.
- Yield losses of 10-15% are common
and losses over 40% recorded.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Dense
crops in fertile soils with high nitrogen use |
| Early
drilled winter barley and late-drilled spring barley |
| Warm
temperatures between 15-22°C |
| Windy
conditions for spore spread |
Yellow rust (Puccinia
striiformis)
- Seen as yellow pustules scattered
between the leaf veins, yellow rust generally affects
wheat. It has
many different strains.
- Yield losses of 25% are common and
losses over 50% recorded in Eastern England.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Mild
winters |
| Cool
temperatures below 15°C in spring |
| High
humidity and rainfall for infection |
| Susceptible
varieties e.g. Robigus, Dickson, Glasgow, Napier |
Brown rust (Puccinia
hordei/recondita)
- Seen as brown/orange rust
pustules scattered across the leaf, brown rust
tends to be more common in barley than wheat.
- Attacks tend to be later in the
season and yields can be reduced by 15%. In severe
infection half the yield can be lost.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Warm weather
with temperatures of 15-20°C |
| High humidity
for spread |
| Susceptible
varieties e.g. Cordiale, Dickson, Consort, Riband |
|
Eyespot
- Eyespot is the most important
stem-based disease in winter wheat and barley, causing
losses up to 40%.
- Damage is seen as lodging with
diseased plant ripening prematurely and producing whiteheads.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Early drilled,
thick winter cereals |
| First and second
wheats |
| Where ploughing
is used |
| Wet, compacted
soils |
| Temperatures
between 5-15°C encourage development |
Fusarium
- Seen as water-soaked lesions on
the spikelet turning to pale straw colour, Fusarium
infections result in shrivelled grain of low quality.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Warm dry spring
to stimulate sporulation |
| Heavy rain during
anthesis |
| Then warm, wet
weather for 1-2 days |
| Temperatures
between 20-30°C |
Sooty moulds (Alternaria & Cladosporium)
- Seen as black or sooty moulds discolouring
the ear, this disease complex can significantly affect
quality in terms of TGW and shrivelled grain.
High
risk conditions are:
|
| Cool, wet conditions
from ear emergence |
| Pre-maturely
ripened crops |
|
Products
Cereals
Special
Other
Crop Specials